-
A complete analysis of small, medium and large diameter valve types
-
When selecting a valve, you need to consider factors such as fluid characteristics, pressure and temperature, maintenance and durability, and cost-effectiveness. According to different application scenarios and requirements, choose the appropriate valve type to ensure the efficient operation of the pipeline system.
Small-diameter valves usually refer to valves with a nominal diameter of 40 mm or less.
1. Small-diameter valves
(1) J41H small-diameter stop valve
Brief description: Designed and manufactured strictly in accordance with standards, the valve disc moves up and down along the center positioning, the action is flexible and reliable, and the sealing performance is excellent. The product is widely used in the petroleum, chemical, pharmaceutical, power and other industries.
J41H stop valve is designed and manufactured strictly in accordance with relevant standards. Its valve disc moves up and down along the center positioning, and the action is flexible and reliable. The excellent sealing performance of this stop valve is mainly due to its reasonable structural design.
For example, the inverted seal is made of threaded connection sealing seat or body welded austenitic stainless steel, which ensures reliable sealing performance. The packing replacement and maintenance can be carried out without stopping the machine, which is convenient and quick without affecting the operation of the system. The product is produced in accordance with national standards, with reasonable structure, reliable sealing, excellent performance and beautiful appearance.
The valve stem is tempered and surface nitrided, and has good anti-corrosion and anti-abrasion properties. Various piping flange standards and flange sealing surface types can be used to meet various engineering needs and user requirements. The valve body material is complete, and the packing and gasket can be reasonably selected according to the actual working conditions or user requirements. It can be applied to various pressure, temperature and medium conditions.
The flow rate of small-diameter cast steel stop valve is larger than that of Dalian-type forged steel stop valve under the same caliber. The production range is small-diameter DN: 15~50, and the pressure range is PN16~100. The pressure range of Beijing-type forged steel stop valve is PN16~160. It is mainly used to connect or cut off the medium in the pipeline. It is generally not used to adjust the flow, but the applicable pressure range is very wide.
(2) Small-diameter threaded stop valve
Brief description: There are different types such as American standard and national standard, and the materials are diverse, such as stainless steel, cast iron, etc., which are suitable for a variety of working conditions.
There are many types of small-diameter threaded stop valves, including flange stop valves, angle stop valves, DC stop valves, plunger stop valves, etc. Its characteristics are that the structure is simpler than that of the gate valve, and it is more convenient to manufacture and maintain; the sealing surface is not easy to wear and scratch, and the sealing performance is good. There is no relative sliding between the valve disc and the sealing surface of the valve body during opening and closing, so the wear and scratch are not serious, the sealing performance is good, and the service life is long; but the opening and closing torque is large, the opening and closing is more laborious, the opening and closing time is long, and the fluid resistance is large.
Small-diameter threaded stop valves are of different types such as American standard and national standard, and the materials are diverse, such as stainless steel, cast iron, etc., suitable for a variety of working conditions. For example, the American standard forged steel internal threaded stop valve J11Y is a small-diameter stop valve, suitable for media such as water, tap water, etc., the pressure environment is high pressure, the standard is the national standard, and the drive mode is manual. There is also a difference between flange stop valves and threaded stop valves. Small-diameter threaded manual stop valves, such as the products of Germany VATTEN, are suitable for media such as steam, and the pressure environment is normal pressure.
(3) Other small-diameter valves
Brief description: such as ball valves, soft-seal threaded gate valves, electric small-diameter regulating valves, etc., each with its own characteristics and applicable occasions.
Ball valve: A ball valve is a valve in which the valve stem drives the ball inside the valve body to rotate around the axis of the ball valve. The opening and closing of the ball valve is simple and quick. The ball valve can be opened and closed by rotating the ball 90 degrees. Its main function in the pipeline is to cut off, distribute and change the flow direction of the medium.
The advantages of ball valves include simple structure, small size and light weight for medium and small-diameter ball valves; small fluid resistance. When fully opened, the cross-sectional area of the valve body channel, ball channel and connecting pipeline is the same, forming a straight line connection; fast opening and closing, and the flow direction of the medium is not restricted; good sealing performance, the sealing ring is mostly made of plastic material, and the friction coefficient is small. However, the disadvantage is that the ball processing and grinding are relatively difficult.
Electric small-diameter regulating valve: Electric small-diameter regulating valve is a small-diameter regulating valve specially developed for small flow regulation. It can widely control the flow of various gases, liquids, and steam, and the Kv value can be up to 0.01. Therefore, it can be used in many occasions where micro-flow needs to be accurately controlled, such as fine chemicals, food additives, medicine, electronics and other industries.
Electric small-flow regulating valve can also be used specifically for SCR/SNCR flue gas denitrification system. The medium used is generally 20% concentration ammonia water or urea. Through the control of the host computer, the standard gas source signal 20-100KPa (i.e. 3-15PSI) or DC4-20mA analog signal output by the T-1000 intelligent electrical converter or electrical valve positioner is used to accurately control the valve opening, thereby accurately adjusting the injection amount of ammonia water or urea to achieve a higher standard of flue gas denitrification efficiency and meet the flue gas environmental protection requirements.
Its characteristics are that the valve body flow path is strictly designed according to the equal cross-section low flow resistance, so the pressure drop loss is small; the valve core adopts a reinforced valve stem guide structure, so the working stability is good, especially able to withstand the impact of high-speed fluid on the valve core; the actuator adopts multiple springs arranged evenly around the circumference, uses high-strength rubber film actuators, and can accept 20-100KPa (3-15PSI) standard air pressure control signals.
Small-diameter hard-sealed ball valve: Small-diameter hard-sealed ball valves are used in industries such as petroleum, chemical industry, metallurgy and urban centralized heating. It has a cam eccentric single valve seat fixed structure, small opening torque and tight closing. There are flat grooves and holes on the top and bottom of the ball, which play the role of fixing the ball, limiting the freedom of the ball and balancing the pressure between the body cavity and the pipeline medium.
During manufacturing and processing, the coaxiality of the two holes of the ball and the eccentricity of the center line of the ball relative to the center line of the valve body are relatively strict, and generally require boring machines or CNC machine tools. Before assembly, the valve seat sealing surface and the ball surface should be matched and polished to ensure sealing performance.
Small-diameter electric fully welded ball valve: The technical features of small-diameter electric fully welded ball valve include integral welding of the valve body structure, which will not cause external leakage; the valve seat is composed of PTFE sealing rings and springs, which has strong adaptability to changes in pressure and temperature and will not cause any leakage within the use range; the anti-leakage structure of the valve stem ensures no leakage; the valve body material is the same as the pipeline material, and there will be no uneven stress;
The valve body is light and easy to insulate; the direct-buried ball valve can save construction costs and engineering time; the length of the valve body and the height of the valve stem can be adjusted according to the construction and design requirements of the pipeline; the processing accuracy of the ball is very precise, the operation is light, and there is no adverse interference; there are two connection methods: welding and flange.
Guanglian shares the four major fields and applications of HAWE small-diameter electric regulating valves: The small-diameter electric regulating valve is characterized by simple structure, flexible operation, and high adjustment accuracy. It is composed of an electric actuator and a regulating mechanism. It can quickly respond to control signals through the drive of the electric actuator to achieve precise adjustment of flow and pressure. The principle is to change the area of the fluid channel through the adjustment mechanism, thereby changing the flow rate and pressure of the fluid.
It is widely used in many fields such as petrochemical, electric power, and metallurgy, such as oil and gas transportation in the petrochemical industry, steam regulation in the power industry, and high-temperature liquid control in the metallurgical industry.
With the continuous advancement of industrial automation, small-caliber electric control valves are also constantly upgrading and developing, with a higher degree of intelligence and adaptive adjustment functions. The application of new materials and manufacturing processes also makes it show better stability and durability under special working conditions such as high temperature and high pressure. In the future, it is expected to be applied to the field of environmental protection, control the flow of air and water, and link with other intelligent devices to form a more intelligent and automated industrial production system.
DN20 - 15 DHLC electric small-caliber cage single-seat control valve: suitable for high-pressure occasions with a liquid pressure difference exceeding 3MPa. It is a high-performance control valve. The sturdy valve core guide and sleeve can prevent the liquid from flashing and cavitation.
It has a compact structure and an S-shaped streamlined channel, which makes its pressure drop loss small, the flow rate large, and the adjustable range wide. It complies with ANSI Bl6.104 standard and GB/T4213-92, JB/T7387-94. It is composed of an electric actuator and a regulating mechanism. Through the drive of the electric actuator, the flow and pressure can be precisely adjusted. There are many options for valve body materials, such as cast steel, cast stainless steel, etc., which can be selected according to actual working conditions.
2. Medium-caliber valves
The nominal diameter of medium-caliber valves is generally between 50 and 300 mm. It is the backbone of many industrial processes and plays an important role in petrochemical, water treatment, power transmission, HVAC and other fields.
Medium-caliber valves are widely used in many fields. In the petrochemical industry, medium-caliber valves can effectively control the flow and pressure of various chemical media to ensure the safety and stability of the production process.
For example, in pipelines that transport corrosive media, corrosion-resistant medium-caliber valves, such as fluorine-lined valves, can be selected, which can resist the erosion of corrosive substances such as strong acids and alkalis and extend the service life of the valve.
In the field of water treatment, medium-caliber valves play a key role in the transportation, distribution and regulation of water. For example, butterfly valves have the characteristics of simple structure, easy operation and low flow resistance, and are suitable for large-flow water pipe systems.
Gate valves are also one of the commonly used medium-caliber valves. They have good sealing performance and can effectively cut off water flow. They are often used in occasions where water flow needs to be strictly controlled.
In terms of power transmission, medium-caliber valves are used in steam pipes, cooling water systems, etc. For example, stop valves can reliably cut off the flow of media, prevent the backflow of media, and ensure the normal operation of the power system.
In HVAC systems, medium-caliber valves can adjust the flow and distribution of water, steam, and refrigerants. Ball valves are widely used in HVAC systems because of their rapid switching and good sealing performance.
There are many types of medium-caliber valves, and different types of valves have their own characteristics and applicable occasions. When choosing medium-caliber valves, users should consider the material, performance, pressure level and other factors of the valve according to the actual working conditions to ensure that the most suitable valve products are selected.
3. Large-diameter valves
Large-diameter valves refer to valves with a nominal diameter exceeding 200 mm.
(1) Gate valves
Brief description: Suitable for large-diameter pipelines, especially where straight-through flow channels and low flow resistance are required. Slow opening and closing can prevent water hammer.
Large-diameter gate valves are mainly used to cut off or connect the medium in the pipeline. According to the sealing surface configuration, they can be divided into wedge-type gate valves and parallel-type gate valves. Wedge-type gate valves can be divided into single-pole type, double-disc type and elastic gate type; parallel-disc type gate valves can be divided into single-disc type and double-disc type. According to the thread position of the valve stem, they can be divided into rising-stem gate valves and concealed-stem gate valves.
When a large-diameter gate valve is opened, when the gate lift height is equal to 1:1 times the valve diameter, the fluid passage is completely unobstructed, but this position cannot be monitored during operation. In actual use, the top of the valve stem is used as a mark, that is, the position where it cannot be opened is its fully open position. In order to consider the locking phenomenon caused by temperature changes, it is usually opened to the top position and then reversed 1/2-1 turn as the fully open valve position.
Large-diameter gate valves have the characteristics of small fluid resistance, wide applicable pressure and temperature range, light weight, labor-saving opening and closing, and the medium is not affected by the flow direction. Its structural design is compact and reasonable, and its appearance is beautiful. It adopts a wedge-type elastic gate structure and a rolling bearing is set in the medium and large diameters, which makes it easy to open and close. The valve body material is complete, and the packing and gasket can be reasonably selected according to the actual working conditions or user requirements. It can be applied to various pressure, temperature and medium working conditions. It adopts a variety of domestic and foreign piping flange standards and flange sealing surface types to meet various engineering needs and user requirements.
(2) Butterfly valve
Brief description: compact structure, light weight, very common in large-diameter pipelines, suitable for regulating flow and pressure.
Large-diameter butterfly valves have simple structure, small size, light weight, small driving torque, easy and quick operation, and good flow regulation function and closing sealing characteristics. The butterfly plate is installed in the diameter direction of the pipeline. In the cylindrical channel of the valve body, the disc-shaped butterfly plate rotates around the axis, and the rotation angle is between 0° and 90°. When it rotates to 90°, the valve is fully open.
Large-diameter butterfly valves have two types of sealing: elastic sealing and metal sealing. For elastic sealing valves, the sealing ring can be embedded in the valve body or attached to the periphery of the butterfly plate.
Valves with metal seals generally have a longer life than valves with elastic seals, but it is difficult to achieve complete sealing. Metal seals can adapt to higher operating temperatures, while elastic seals have the defect of being limited by temperature.
The structural features of large-diameter butterfly valves include the unique design of three-way eccentricity, which enables frictionless transmission between the sealing surfaces and prolongs the service life of the valve; elastic sealing is generated by torque; the clever wedge design enables the valve to have an automatic sealing function that becomes tighter as it is closed, and the sealing surfaces have compensatory and zero leakage; small size, light weight, easy operation, and easy installation; pneumatic and electric devices can be configured according to user requirements to meet the needs of remote control and program control; replacement parts can be used for various media, and lining can be used for corrosion protection; continuous structures are diversified, including butt clamps, flanges, butt welding, etc. Large-diameter butterfly valves are widely used in general industries such as petroleum, gas, chemicals, and water treatment, and are also used in cooling water systems of thermal power plants.
(3) Ball valves
Brief description: Used for cutting and flow control in large-diameter pipelines, especially for applications that require fast switching.
Large-diameter forged steel ball valves use an integrated forged valve body, polytetrafluoroethylene or metal hard seals, floating balls or fixed balls, suitable for high pressure environments, and a wide operating temperature range. Different materials can be used for various media such as water, steam, oil, nitric acid, acetic acid, etc. This product is mainly used for long-distance pipeline transportation of petroleum and natural gas and urban gas pipeline systems.
The main functions of large-diameter forged steel ball valves include: when the medium stagnating in the valve cavity abnormally increases pressure due to temperature changes, the medium pressure pushes the valve seat away from the ball to achieve the effect of automatic pressure relief, and the valve seat automatically resets after pressure relief; in addition to general sealing, the valve seat has a specially designed sealing structure that can play an emergency rescue role when leakage occurs due to damage to the sealing ring; when the valve seat sealing ring is burned or softened by fire or abnormal temperature, the valve operation is still reliable,
At the same time, the valve seat and the ball form metal to metal, achieving a temporary sealing effect, preventing the fire from further expanding, in line with the provisions of API6FA; unscrewing the exclusion device can check whether the valve seat is leaking, and can also discharge the retained materials in the middle cavity to reduce the unilateral contamination of the medium to the valve.
In the working state, when the valve is fully open or fully closed, the stuffing box of the valve stem can be replaced; the valve stem seal adopts PTFE packing and O-ring double seal, which is particularly suitable for gas media. The moving part of the valve stem adopts high-quality SF self-lubricating bearings to reduce the friction coefficient and reduce the operating torque.
(4) Check valve
Brief description: Prevent the medium from flowing back and protect the pipeline system from damage.
The large-diameter check valve is a common valve type. Its main function is to prevent the medium from flowing back in the pipeline. The valve disc is set to achieve unidirectional flow of the fluid. When the medium flows through the valve disc, the valve disc will be pushed open by the pressure, thereby opening the valve and allowing the medium to pass smoothly. Once the medium flows in the opposite direction, the valve disc will be affected by the back pressure and immediately close the valve to prevent the medium from flowing back.
The CVKR large-diameter check valve is a large-diameter silent check valve. It adopts a contour design that conforms to hydraulics to achieve a better streamlined water path. The design with a backflow body inside can ensure the minimum pressure loss of the pipeline.
Generally installed at the outlet of large water pumps, it can quickly close the water flow before it flows back, avoiding water hammer, water impact sound and destructive impact, so as to achieve the purpose of silence, prevent medium backflow and protect equipment. It is widely used in large water supply and drainage, fire protection, HVAC, industrial and other system pipelines.